Technology & Innovation
Sensor mechanisms, MARD analysis, algorithms, and calibration technologies
CGM Sensor Technology Mechanisms
Comparative Accuracy and MARD Analysis
Data Ecosystems and Remote Monitoring
Major US Manufacturers and Product Lines
The US Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) market is an oligopoly dominated by **Dexcom** and **Abbott**, with **Medtronic** and **Senseonics** holdin...
Over-the-Counter (OTC) CGM Market
The Over-the-Counter (OTC) CGM market emerged in 2024 following FDA clearances for **Dexcom's Stelo** and **Abbott's Lingo and Libre Rio**. This regul...
Patent Landscape and Intellectual Property
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Algorithms
Bio-fluid Glucose Correlation
Continuous Glucose Monitors measure Interstitial Fluid (ISF), not blood, resulting in a physiological lag of 5–15 minutes. This lag is caused by the t...
Data Privacy in Consumer Health Wearables
Microneedle Array Sensor Innovation
Microneedle Array (MNA) technology represents the next evolution in Continuous Glucose Monitoring, moving from single subcutaneous wires to high-densi...
Signal Processing Algorithms in CGM
AI & Machine Learning in CGM Calibration
The transition from user-calibrated to **Factory Calibrated** Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) is driven by the integration of **Artificial Intellig...
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Algorithms
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) algorithms serve as the control logic for Artificial Pancreas systems, primarily utilizing **Model Predictive Control...
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Interoperability
**AID Interoperability** refers to the regulatory and technical capability of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) to drive **Automated Insulin Delivery...
Biofouling Mitigation Strategies for Dermal Sensors
Biofouling, driven by the **Foreign Body Response (FBR)**, is the primary limiter of CGM lifespan and accuracy. The industry is transitioning from pas...
Closed-Loop Systems (Artificial Pancreas)
Closed-Loop Systems, or **Automated Insulin Delivery (AID)**, represent the convergence of CGM and insulin pump technology. The market has shifted fro...
Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing Technologies
Sensor Bio-fouling and Biocompatibility
Accuracy Discrepancies: MARD Analysis by Sensor Generation
Closed-Loop Algorithms with Multi-Analyte Data
Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Metabolic Monitoring
Microneedle Array Technology in CGM
Microneedle (MN) Array technology represents the next evolution in CGM, shifting sensing from the subcutaneous fat to the **dermis**. This transition ...
Non-Adjunctive Meal Detection Algorithms
Non-Adjunctive Meal Detection Algorithms are the critical software component required to move from Hybrid Closed-Loop systems to fully Automated Insul...
Pediatric vs. Adult Calibration Algorithms
While CGM hardware is largely consistent across age groups, **pediatric calibration algorithms** require distinct tuning to handle higher **glycemic v...
Smart Pen Integration with CGM
**Smart Pen Integration** transforms Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) into a data-driven "Smart MDI" therapy by linking insulin dosing data with CGM gl...
Ultra-Rapid Acting Insulin Formulations
AI and ML in Glucose Signal Processing
AI and Machine Learning have replaced linear calibration in modern CGMs to address signal noise, physiological lag, and sensor drift. **Kalman Filters...
Biofouling Mitigation in Dermal Sensors
Biofouling and Foreign Body Response (FBR) Mitigation
The longevity and accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) are strictly limited by **Biofouling** and the **Foreign Body Response (FBR)**. Upon ...
Impact of AID (Automated Insulin Delivery) Algorithms on CGM Requirements
The transition from passive monitoring to **Automated Insulin Delivery (AID)** has elevated Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) from diagnostic tools t...
Implantable Fluorescence Sensors
Implantable fluorescence sensors represent the primary alternative to standard enzymatic CGMs, utilizing **optical detection** (fluorescence quenching...
Multi-Hormone AID Systems (Insulin + Glucagon)
Multi-Hormone AID systems represent the next evolution of the Artificial Pancreas, moving from **Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL)** to **Fully Closed-Loop** o...
PID vs. MPC Algorithms in Automated Insulin Delivery
Ultra-Rapid Acting Insulins and AID Performance
The integration of **Ultra-Rapid Acting Insulins (URAI)**, such as **Fiasp** (Novo Nordisk) and **Lyumjev** (Eli Lilly), into **Automated Insulin Deli...
Zwitterionic Polymer Coatings
**Zwitterionic Polymer Coatings** are the leading material science solution for extending the life of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) beyond the cu...
Power Management and Miniaturization in CGMs
Sensor Calibration Algorithms and Data Fusion
The accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitors relies heavily on **calibration algorithms** and **signal processing** to convert raw electrical current i...