Introduction to Microneedle Array Technology in Continuous [Glucose Monitoring](/)
Microneedle (MN) array technology has emerged as a promising approach in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), offering a shift from the conventional subcutaneous fat to the dermis [1]. This transition is expected to provide several advantages, including pain-free insertion and reduced physiological lag time, which can be attributed to the high vascularization of the dermis [2].
Technical Principles of Microneedle Array Technology
The MN array technology is based on the principle of creating a minimally invasive interface with the dermal tissue, allowing for the detection of glucose levels. The solid electrochemical arrays and smartwatch integration are being explored by companies like Biolinq and PKvitality, respectively, to enhance user experience and expand the capabilities of CGM systems [3].
Key Benefits and Advantages
The MN array technology offers several benefits, including:
- Multiplexing: MN arrays can host multiple enzymes, enabling the simultaneous tracking of glucose, lactate, and ketones [4].
- Usability: The design eliminates the need for intimidating spring-loaded applicator needles, making the device more user-friendly [5].
- Reduced Lag Time: The dermal tissue has a higher vascularization, resulting in a reduced lag time between glucose levels in the blood and interstitial fluid [2].
Challenges and Limitations
Despite the potential benefits, MN array technology faces significant challenges:
- Mechanical Insertion: Overcoming skin elasticity, often described as the