Introduction to CGM Sensor Technology
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have revolutionized the management of diabetes by providing real-time glucose level readings. The core component of CGM systems is the sensor, which measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid.
Mechanism of Action
The CGM sensor technology mechanisms involve a complex interplay of chemical and electrochemical reactions. The sensor typically consists of a small electrode that is inserted under the skin, where it measures the glucose levels in the interstitial fluid. The electrode is coated with a glucose oxidase enzyme that reacts with glucose to produce an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to a receiver or a smartphone app [1].
Types of Sensors
There are several types of CGM sensors available, including:
- Enzyme-based sensors: These sensors use glucose oxidase to measure glucose levels [2].
- Non-enzymatic sensors: These sensors use alternative methods, such as optical or electrochemical detection, to measure glucose levels [3].
- Implantable sensors: These sensors are implanted under the skin and can provide continuous glucose readings for several months [4].
Manufacturers and Products
Several manufacturers produce CGM sensors, including:
- Dexcom: Dexcom offers a range of CGM systems, including the G6 and G7 [5].
- Medtronic: Medtronic offers the Guardian Connect system, which includes a CGM sensor and a smart insulin pen [6].
- Abbott: Abbott offers the FreeStyle Libre system, which includes a CGM sensor and a reader [7].
Effectiveness and Technology
CGM sensors have been shown to be effective in improving glucose control and reducing hypoglycemia [8]. The technology has also improved significantly over the years, with advancements in sensor accuracy, durability, and user interface [9].
Pitfalls, Warnings, and Issues
Despite the benefits of CGM sensors, there are several pitfalls, warnings, and issues to be aware of, including:
- Accuracy: CGM sensors may not always provide accurate readings, especially in certain situations, such as during exercise or when glucose levels are changing rapidly [10].
- Interference: CGM sensors can be affected by external factors, such as electromagnetic interference or certain medications [11].
- Cost: CGM sensors can be expensive, and access to these devices may be limited in some regions [12].