Introduction
The increasing prevalence of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) has significant environmental implications due to the high volume of disposable electronics being generated. This issue is compounded by the presence of lithium batteries, printed circuit boards (PCBs), and plastics in these devices [1]. The environmental impact of CGMs is a concern that requires attention from manufacturers, policymakers, and users.
Current State of CGM Technology
The CGM market is shifting towards smaller, all-in-one disposable units, such as the Dexcom G7 and Libre 3. Although this trend may offer improved convenience and reduced size, it also leads to a higher frequency of electronic waste generation compared to older systems with reusable transmitters [2]. The environmental impact of these devices is further exacerbated by the biohazard classification of used sensors, which prevents them from being recycled through standard e-waste streams [3]. This highlights the need for sustainable design principles and alternative technologies to mitigate the environmental effects of CGM waste.
Environmental Impact Assessment
The environmental impact of CGMs can be assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies. LCA studies have shown that the production and disposal of CGMs result in significant greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and human health impacts [6]. The use of lithium batteries and PCBs in CGMs is a significant contributor to these impacts, due to the energy and resource requirements associated with their production [7].
Innovations and Future Directions
Innovations such as implantable sensors (e.g., Eversense) offer a potential solution to reduce waste generation. These devices have a lower waste profile compared to traditional CGMs [4]. Furthermore, future technologies are focusing on the development of enzymatic biofuel cells and biodegradable substrates, which could potentially eliminate toxic components from CGMs [5]. The adoption of these technologies could significantly reduce the environmental footprint of CGMs and promote a more circular economy in the medical device industry.
Conclusion
The environmental impact of disposable CGM electronics is a significant concern that requires attention from manufacturers, policymakers, and users. While current innovations and future technologies offer promising solutions, a concerted effort is needed to mitigate the environmental effects of CGM waste. By adopting sustainable design principles and exploring alternative technologies, we can reduce the environmental footprint of CGMs and promote a more circular economy in the medical device industry.