Introduction to Environmental Impact and Sustainability
The development and widespread use of disposable sensors, particularly in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, have introduced significant environmental concerns. This section provides an overview of the environmental impact and sustainability of disposable sensors, with a focus on CGM devices.
Environmental Concerns Associated with Disposable Sensors
Disposable sensors, such as those used in CGM systems, contribute to electronic waste and plastic waste. The miniaturization of these devices has led to a reduction in plastic volume from applicators; however, the frequent disposal of transmitters every 10–14 days results in an increase in electronic waste, including printed circuit boards (PCBs) and lithium batteries [1]. Furthermore, the classification of CGM sensors as medical waste due to their skin-penetrating design prevents them from being recycled through standard e-waste channels, leading to incineration or landfilling [2].
Comparative Analysis of CGM Systems
A comparative analysis of CGM systems reveals varying levels of environmental sustainability. The Eversense E3 implantable sensor, for example, offers a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to traditional CGM systems. Requiring only two sensors per year and utilizing a rechargeable, durable transmitter, the Eversense E3 system substantially reduces electronic waste [3]. In contrast, traditional CGM systems can require up to 26 disposable units annually, resulting in a substantial increase in electronic waste.
Material Trends and Future Directions
The CGM industry is shifting toward dematerialization, with a focus on developing smaller devices. However, the issue of disposable lithium power sources remains a significant challenge, with hundreds of millions of units being discarded each year [4]. To mitigate this issue, manufacturers must prioritize the development of sustainable power sources and design devices with recyclability and reusability in mind.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the environmental impact and sustainability of disposable sensors are critical considerations in the development of CGM devices. While advancements in miniaturization have reduced plastic waste, the increase in electronic waste and the lack of recycling options for medical waste pose significant challenges. The Eversense E3 system offers a promising solution with its reduced environmental footprint, highlighting the need for further innovation in sustainable CGM technology. By prioritizing sustainability and adopting evidence-based design principles, manufacturers can minimize the environmental impact of disposable sensors and promote a more environmentally conscious approach to CGM device development.