Signal processing in modern glucometers has evolved from simple linear regression of current (Amperometry) to complex, multi-variable dynamic analysis. Key advancements include:

• AC Impedance Spectroscopy: The use of alternating current to measure blood viscosity and red blood cell count (Hematocrit), allowing algorithms to mathematically correct for anemia or polycythemia, which historically skewed readings.
• Multi-Pulse Algorithms: Applying voltage in distinct pulses to isolate and subtract signals caused by interfering substances (e.g., Vitamin C, Acetaminophen) from the true glucose signal.
• Auto-Calibration: The elimination of manual coding through tighter manufacturing tolerances and sophisticated firmware algorithms that recognize strip characteristics via electrode contact patterns.
• Safety Gating: Real-time analysis of the current curve to detect "short fills" (insufficient blood), triggering error messages instead of false low readings.