Cybersecurity in Connected CGM Ecosystems
Introduction
The integration of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) into the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) introduces critical cybersecurity risks, primarily centered on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) vulnerabilities [1]. These vulnerabilities can be exploited to compromise the security and privacy of patient data, highlighting the need for robust security measures.
Threat Analysis
Threats to CGM systems can be categorized into two main types: passive and active threats. Passive threats, such as eavesdropping, can lead to privacy loss, while active threats, including spoofing and replay attacks, pose severe safety risks in Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems by potentially triggering incorrect insulin dosing [2].
Vulnerability Assessment
The vulnerabilities in CGM systems can be attributed to various factors, including inadequate application-layer encryption, lack of mutual authentication protocols, and non-compliance with FDA cybersecurity guidance [3]. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to implement robust security measures, such as end-to-end encryption and secure authentication protocols.
Mitigation Strategies
The mitigation of cybersecurity risks in connected CGM ecosystems relies on a multi-faceted approach, including:
- Implementation of application-layer encryption (AES) to protect data integrity and confidentiality
- Adoption of mutual authentication protocols to ensure secure communication between devices
- Strict adherence to FDA cybersecurity guidance to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements
- Transitioning from standard transport security to robust, end-to-end proprietary security layers to protect the integrity of the sensor-to-pump data loop
Conclusion
In conclusion, cybersecurity in connected CGM ecosystems is a critical concern that requires careful consideration of the potential threats and vulnerabilities. By implementing robust security measures, such as application-layer encryption and mutual authentication protocols, the integrity of CGM systems can be protected, ensuring the safety and privacy of patients.