Introduction to Closed-Loop Control Algorithms

Closed-Loop Control (CLC) algorithms, or Artificial Pancreas systems, revolutionize insulin delivery. They connect Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data to insulin pumps, automating the process.

Evolution of CLC Algorithms

Researchers shift from reactive PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers to predictive MPC (Model Predictive Control) algorithms [^pid_controller] [^mpc_algorithm]. MPC algorithms forecast glucose changes, halting delivery before hypoglycemia occurs.

Commercial Systems and [Test Strips](/sell-diabetic-supplies)

Current systems, such as Medtronic 780G, Tandem Control-IQ, and Omnipod 5, are Hybrid Closed-Loops. They require manual meal data input while managing basal rates. Although these systems reduce the need for test strips, they emphasize strip accuracy. Strips remain crucial for sensor calibration and verifying data during sensor failures.

Future Developments

The future of CLC algorithms lies in dual-hormone systems and fully autonomous loops. These systems will require no user input, further automating insulin delivery.